Glossary
Claim: Demand for legal or moral entitlements a
person makes on fellow citizens,
society or the government.
Covenant: Promise made by
individuals, groups or countries to uphold a rule or principle. It is legally
binding on the signatories to the agreement or statement.
Amnesty International: An
international organization of volunteers who campaign for human rights. This
organization brings out independent reports on the violation of human rights
all over the world.
Dalit: A person who
belongs to the castes which were considered low and not touchable by others.
Dalits are also known by other names such as the Scheduled Castes, Depressed
Classes etc.
Ethnic group: An ethnic
group is a human population whose members usually identify with each other on
the basis of a common ancestry. People of an ethnic group are united by
cultural practices, religious beliefs and historical memories.
Traffic: Selling and
buying of men, women or children for immoral purposes.
Summon: An order issued
by a court asking a person to appear before it.
Writ: A formal document
containing an order of the court to the government issued only by High Court or
the Supreme Court.
There are five kinds of writs namely- Habeas
Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Prohibition and Quo Warranto
Q1. What are international covenant on Economic, Social and cultural rights?
Answer
right to work: opportunity to everyone to earn livelihood by
working.
right to safe and healthy working conditions, fair wages
that can provide decent standard of living for the workers and their
families.
right to adequate standard of living including adequate
food, clothing and housing.
right to social
security and insurance.
right to health:
medical care during illness, special care for women during childbirth and
prevention of epidemics right to
education.
free and compulsory primary education, equal access to
higher education.
Q2. The Constitution of South Africa
guarantees its citizens several kinds of new rights. Explain these.
Answer
Right to privacy, so that citizens or their home cannot be
searched, their phones cannot be tapped, their communication cannot be
opened.
Right to an environment that is not harmful to their health
or well being.
Right to have access to adequate housing.
Right to have access to health care services, sufficient
food and water; no one may be refused emergency medical treatment.
Q3. Describe National Human Right
Commission In your own Words.
Answer
This is an independent commission set up by law in 1993.
Like judiciary, the Commission is independent of the government. The Commission
is appointed by the President and includes retired judges, officers and eminent
citizens.
This commission provide the safeguard to citizens to secure
their human rights.
The NHRC cannot by itself punish the guilty. The NHRC is there to make independent and
credible inquiry into any case of violation of human rights.
Like any court it can summon witnesses, question any
government official, demand any official paper, visit any prison for inspection
or send its own team for on-the-spot inquiry.
Q4. How the monarchy in Saudi Arabia
Answer
The country is ruled by a hereditary king and the people
have no role in electing or changing their rulers. The king selects the legislature as well as
the executive.
He appoints the judges and can change any of their
decisions.
Citizens cannot form political parties or any political
organizations.
Media cannot report
anything that the monarch does not like.
There is no freedom
of religion. Every citizen is required to be Muslim. Non-Muslim residents can
follow their religion in private, but not in public.
Women are subjected to many public restrictions. The
testimony of one man is considered equal to that of two women.
Q5. Define Rights.
Answer
Rights are reasonable claims of persons recognized by
society and sanctioned by law.
Q6. Why do we needs rights in
democracy?
Answer
Rights also perform a very special role in a democracy.
Rights protect minorities from the oppression of majority.
They ensure that the majority cannot do whatever it likes.
Rights are guarantees which can be used when things go
wrong.
In a democracy every citizen has to have the right to vote
and the right to be elected to government.
It is necessary that citizens should have the right to
express their opinion, form political parties and take part in political
activities.
No comments:
Post a Comment