Wednesday, 23 August 2017
Wednesday, 1 March 2017
Tuesday, 14 February 2017
Wednesday, 8 February 2017
sample paper forest society chapter
CBSE TEST
PAPER-01
Class –IX
Social Science (Forest Society and
Colonialism)
1.Who were
the people who move from one place to the other to herd their sheep, goat and
cattle? 1
]2. How much
area of forest cover in the world was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation,
pastures and firewood, between the years of 1700 to 1995? [1]
3. How much India’s
landmass had been under cultivation in 1600? [1]
4. How much
sleepers were required for each mile railway track? [1]
5. Explain
any three reasons for the rapid expansion of cultivation during colonial rule.
[3]
6. Write
some products which we get from the forests. [3]
7.What are
the main reasons for rapid disappearance of forests? [3]
8.Why it was
necessary to bring more area under cultivation? [3]
9.Who was
Richard Harding?[3]
10.on the
given out line Map of Indonesia mark and show the following
A. Malaya States,
B. Borneo Island, C. Celebes Island [3]
11. How
forest products are useful for Tribal people? Explain with examples? [5]
12. The Forest Acts meant severe hardship for villager across the
country”. Elaborate the statement with suitable reasons.
Test 2
1.When was
the Indian Forest Service set-up?[1]
2.Name the
act which was passed in 1865 to save forests. [1]
3.Where was
the Imperial Forest Research Institute set up in 1906? [1]
4.Name the
forest act according to which forests was divided into three categories. [1]
5.Elaborate
the main features of Lakota Tribe of North America?[3]
6.How did
the expansion of railway become a major reason of deforestation?[3]
7. What is
scientific forestry? Why was it introduced?[3]
8.Highlight
different forest Acts made by Britishers to control the forests? [3]
9. Highlight
some local names of shifting agriculture.[3]
10.On the
given political map locate and label the following with appropriate symbol. A.
Jagdalpur B.Konta C. Bailadiala Hills [3]
11.
Summarize the role of any five factors that ledto the decline of the forest
cover in the Indian subcontinent during colonial period. [5]
12. Explain
any five ways in which the lives of thevillagers were affected by the Forest
Acts. [5]
Test 3
1.How many
tigers by killed between the years 1875-1925?[1]
2.Name the
present state of India
in which Bastar located. [1]
3.Name the
trees which are useful for building ships and railways? [1]
4.Java was
in the possession of which colonial power?[1]
5.Why the
Colonial Governments thought that the forests were unproductive? Give reasons.
[3]
6.Write
about the wood cutters of Java.[3]
7.Elaborate
the role played by Samin in the forest movement? [3]
8. What
steps have been taken to conserve forests since 1980? [3]
9.How did
the changes in forest management in the colonial period affect the life of shifting
cultivators?[3]
10. Two
features A and B are marked in the given map of Bastar. Identify these features
with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the
lines marked on the map
A. A place
associated with a centre of colonial administration in Bastar
B. A river
which flows East to West in Bastar region On the same political map locate and
label the following C. Kanger – The forest in which the rebellion against
colonial rule started first. [3]
11.Can you
write a brief outline of the ideas given by Dietrich Brandis for the management
of forests India? [5]
12. What
type of forest products were used by forest people before the implementation of
forest law in India?
Test 4
1.Name the
country which occupied Indonesia
during the Second World War?[1]
2. Who led
the forest Movement in Chhotanagpur region against the British?[1]
3. Which
river flows through the Bastar region?[1]
4. What is
Dand? [1]
5.Why the
vast quantities of timber were being exported from India
to England?[3]
6. How did
the changes in forest management in the colonial period affect the life of
nomadic and
pastoral communities? [3]
7. How did
the changes in forest management in the colonial period affect the firms
trading in forest produce? [3]
8. How did
the changes in forest management in the colonial period affect the life of
plantation owners? [3]
9. How did
the changes in forest management in the colonial period affect the hobby of
hunting of Kings and British officials? [3]10. (a) Two features A and B are
marked in the given political map of Indonesia. Identify these features
with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the
lines marked on the map
A. A place
where Dutch started Scientific Forestry
B. The
island under British Control
(b) On the
same political map locate and label the following C. Sumatra Island [3]
11.How did
the British exploit the forests resources of India for their economic
development? [5]
12.Describe
the events that led to the revolt in Bastar against the British.[5]
Friday, 3 February 2017
sa2 sample paper 1
1. What were reserved forests?
.2. Mention any two regions having tropical evergreen forests.
3. Explain No Confidence Motion.
4. How does Judiciary act as guardian of the Fundamental Rights?
5. Why is parliamentary democracy in most countries often known as the cabinet form of government?
6. How is the poverty line estimated periodically? Name an organisation which is responsible for estimating poverty.
7. How does the situation of starvation arise?
8. Define Green Revolution.
9. Mention any four factors which prompted the Samins to revolt against the Dutch?
10. Mention any three peculiarities of Test Cricket. Or What was the shoe respect case? Why was it opposed by the Indians?
11. 'Cricket in India was organised on the principle of race and religion.' Justify. Or What were the reasons that made women opt for comfortable and simple dresses?
12. 'India is one of the twelve mega diversity country of the world'. Explain.
13. How do human beings influence the ecology of a region? Mention any three points.
14. What are the three main processes of change of population?
15. Mention any three provisions which makes Election Commission an independent body.
16. In what ways does the Lok Sabha exercise more powers than the Rajya Sabha?
17. Mention the provisions of Fundamental Right against exploitation.
18. 'There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction." Explain.
19. How were the social, cultural and economic factors responsible for the increase in poverty in India?
20. How does PDS ensures food security in India?
21. What is shifting cultivation? Why did the Europeans decide to ban it?
https://cbse-spot.blogspot.in/2013/02/social-science-sa-2-sample-papers-9-ix.html
.2. Mention any two regions having tropical evergreen forests.
3. Explain No Confidence Motion.
4. How does Judiciary act as guardian of the Fundamental Rights?
5. Why is parliamentary democracy in most countries often known as the cabinet form of government?
6. How is the poverty line estimated periodically? Name an organisation which is responsible for estimating poverty.
7. How does the situation of starvation arise?
8. Define Green Revolution.
9. Mention any four factors which prompted the Samins to revolt against the Dutch?
10. Mention any three peculiarities of Test Cricket. Or What was the shoe respect case? Why was it opposed by the Indians?
11. 'Cricket in India was organised on the principle of race and religion.' Justify. Or What were the reasons that made women opt for comfortable and simple dresses?
12. 'India is one of the twelve mega diversity country of the world'. Explain.
13. How do human beings influence the ecology of a region? Mention any three points.
14. What are the three main processes of change of population?
15. Mention any three provisions which makes Election Commission an independent body.
16. In what ways does the Lok Sabha exercise more powers than the Rajya Sabha?
17. Mention the provisions of Fundamental Right against exploitation.
18. 'There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction." Explain.
19. How were the social, cultural and economic factors responsible for the increase in poverty in India?
20. How does PDS ensures food security in India?
21. What is shifting cultivation? Why did the Europeans decide to ban it?
https://cbse-spot.blogspot.in/2013/02/social-science-sa-2-sample-papers-9-ix.html
Thursday, 2 February 2017
forest society
Introduction
Forests also provide bamboo, wood for fuel, grass, charcoal,
packaging, fruits, flowers, animals, birds and many other things Between 1700
and 1995,the period of industrialization, 13.9 million sq km of forest or 9.3 per
cent of the worlds total area was cleared for industrial uses, cultivation,
pastures and fuel wood.
Why Deforestation?
Land to be Improved
First the British directly encouraged the production of
commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton.
Second, in the early nineteenth century, the colonial state
thought that forests were unproductive. They were considered to be brought
under cultivation so that
the land could yield agricultural products and revenue, and
enhance the income of the state. between 1880 and 1920, cultivated area rose by
6.7 million hectares.
Sleepers on the Tracks.
The spread of railways from the 1850s created demands To run
locomotives, wood was needed as fuel, and To lay railway lines sleepers were
essential to hold the tracks together. each mile of railway track required
between 1,760 and 2,000 sleepers.
By 1890, about 25,500 km of track had been laid. In 1946,
the length of the
tracks had increased to over 765,000 km. in the Madras
Presidency alone, 35,000 tree were being cut annually for sleepers.
Plantations
Large areas of natural forests were also given to European
planters at cheap rates cleared to make
way for
tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europeís growing
need
for these commodities.
The Rise of Commercial Forestry.
British decided to invite a German
expert, Dietrich Brandis, for advice, and made him the first
Inspector
General of Forests in India.
Brandis set up the Indian Forest Service in 1864 and
helped formulate the Indian Forest Act of 1865. The Imperial Forest
Research Institute was set up at Dehradun in 1906. The
system they
taught here was called scientific forestry.
What is plantation or scientific forestry?
In scientific forestry, natural forests of different types
of trees were cut down. In their place, one type of tree was
planted
in straight rows. This is called a plantation.
Describe the Indian Forest
Act of 1865.
Ans the Forest Act was enacted in 1865.
it was amended twice,
once in 1878 and then in 1927. The 1878 Act divided forests into
three categories: reserved, protected and village forests.
The best
forests were called reserved forests. Villagers could not
take anything
from these forests, even for their own use. For house
building or
fuel, they could take wood from protected or village forests.
Q How are forests are useful for people?
In forest areas,
people use forest products ñ roots, leaves, fruits, and
Tubers for many things. Fruits and tubers are nutritious to eat, Herbs
are used for medicine, wood for agricultural implements like
yokes
and ploughs, bamboo makes excellent fences and is also used
to make
baskets and umbrellas.
A dried scooped-out gourd can be used as a portable water
bottle. Almost everything is available in the forest leaves can be stitched
together to make disposable plates and cups,
creeper can be used to make ropes, and the thorny
bark of the semur
(silk-cotton) tree is used to grate vegetables.
Oil for cooking and to light lamps can be pressed from the
fruit of the Mahua tree.
How were the Lives of People
Affected?
After the Act, all their everyday practices ñ cutting wood
for their
houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots,
hunting and
fishing became illegal.
People were now forced to steal wood
from the forests, and if they were caught, they were at the
mercy of
the forest guards who would take bribes from them.
Women who collected fuel wood were especially worried.
It was also common for
police constables and forest guards to harass people by
demanding
free food from them.
How did Forest Rules Affect
Cultivation?
. European foresters
regarded this practice as harmful for the forests. The government decided to
ban shifting cultivation. As a result,
many communities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forests. Some
had to change occupations, while some
resisted through large and small rebellions.
Q What are local names of shifting
cultivation in world?
It has many local names such as ladingin Southeast Asia, milpa
in CentralAmerica, chitemene or tavy in Africa,and chena in Sri Lanka.
In India, dhya,
penda, bewar, nevad, jhum, podu, khandad and kumri are some of the local terms
for swidden agriculture.
Who could Hunt?
Hunting was prohibited by the forest laws.
Those who were caught hunting were now punished for poaching.
The British saw large animals as signs of a wild, primitive
and savage
Society. They believed that by killing dangerous animals the
British
would civilise India. They gave rewards for the
killing of tigers, wolves
and other large animals on the grounds that they posed a
threat to
cultivators. 0ver 80,000 tigers, 150,000 leopards and
200,000 wolves
were killed for reward in the period 1875-1925.
The Maharaja of Sarguja alone
shot 1,157 tigers and 2,000 leopards up to 1957.
A British administrator,
George Yule, killed 400 tigers.
New Trades, New Employments and New
Services.
Many communities left their traditional occupations and
started trading in forest products.
From the medieval period onwards, we have records of adivasi
communities trading
elephants and other goods like hides, horns, silk cocoons,
ivory, bamboo, spices, fibres, grasses, gums and resins through nomadic communities
like the Banjaras
In Assam,
both men and women from forest communities like Santhals and Oraons from
Jharkhand, and Gonds from Chhattisgarh were recruited to work on tea
plantations.
Q Which tribes were known as
criminal tribes?
Korava, Karachi and Yerukula
of the Madras
Presidency lost their livelihoods. Some of them began to be
called
criminal tribes.
Q What was devsari, dand or man?
If people from a village want to take some
wood from the forests of another village, they pay a small
fee called devsari, dand or man in exchange.
A number of different communities live in Bastar such as
Maria and Muria Gonds, Dhurwas, Bhatras and Halbas. They speak different
languages but share common customs and beliefs.
Forest villages
Some villages were allowed to stay on in the reserved
forests on the condition
that they worked free for the forest department in cutting
and
Transporting trees, and protecting the forest from fires.
Subsequently,
these came to be known as forest villages.
Sunday, 29 January 2017
history of sport
Introduction
Cricket grew out of the many stick-and-ball games played in
England 500 years ago, under a variety of different rules. The word ‘bat’ is an
old English word that simply means stick or club.
it was popular enough for its fans to be fined for playing
it on Sunday instead of going to church.
The Historical Development of Cricket as a Game in England
Peculiarities
of cricket
a match can go on for five days and still end in a draw. No
other modern team sport takes even half as much time to complete.
the length of the pitch is specified – 22 yards – but the
size or shape of the ground is not. Most other team sports, such as hockey and
football lay down the dimensions of the playing area.
Reason
cricket gave itself rules and regulations so that it could
be played in a uniform and standardised way.
The first written ‘Laws of Cricket’ were drawn up in 1744.
umpires were choose
from gentleman who shall absolutely decide all disputes.
The stumps must be 22 inches high and the bail across them
six inches. The ball must be between 5 and 6 ounces, and the two sets of stumps
22 yards apart’. There were no limits on the shape or size of the bat. It
appears that 40 notches.
The world’s first cricket club was formed in Hambledon in
the 1760s and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) was founded in 1787.
In 1788 The MCC’s revised the laws.
One immediate result was the replacement of the curved bat
with the straight one.
The weight of the ball was limited to between 5½ to 5¾
ounces, and the width of the bat to four inches.
In 1774, the first leg-before law was published. a third
stump became common.
By 1780, three days had become the length of a major match,
and
this year also saw
the creation of the first six-seam cricket ball.
during the nineteenth century (the rule about wide balls was
applied, the exact circumference of the ball was specified, protective
equipment like pads and gloves became available, boundaries were introduced
where previously all shots had to be run.
Cricket’s
connection with a rural past
the length of a Test match. Originally, cricket matches had
no time limit. The game went on for as long as it took to bowl out a side twice.
the size of a cricket ground is a result of its village
origins.
It was played on country commons, unfenced land that was
public property. The size of the commons varied from one village to another.
Cricket’s most important tools are all made of natural,
pre-industrial materials. The bat is made of wood as are the stumps and the
bails. The ball is made with leather, twine and cork.
Changes in the Bat
Once it was cut out of a single piece of wood. Now it
consists of two pieces, the blade which is made out of the wood of the willow
tree and the handle which is made out of cane that became available as European
colonialists and trading companies established themselves in Asia.
influenced
by technological change
The invention of vulcanized rubber led to the introduction
of pads in 1848 and protective gloves soon afterwards, and the modern game
would be unimaginable without helmets made out of metal and synthetic
lightweight materials.
Terms.
Patronage – Agreement by wealthy supporter to give financial
support for a specific cause.
Subscription –
Collected financial contribution for a specific purpose (such as cricket).
Hierarchy – Organised by rank and status
Cricket and
Victorian England.
The rich who could afford to play it for pleasure were
called amateurs and the poor who played it for a living were called
professionals.
Armatures were played for the pleasure of playing and not
for money was an aristocratic value.
Two, there was not enough money in the game for the rich to
be interested.
Amateurs were called Gentlemen while professionals had to be
content with being described as Players. They even entered the ground from
different entrances. Amateurs tended to be batsmen.
Cricket is a batsman’s game because its rules were made to favors
‘Gentlemen.
the captain of a cricket team was traditionally a batsman:
Len Hutton was the first captain from professional.
The English boarding school was
the institution that trained English boys for careers in the military,
the civil service and the church, the three great institutions of imperial
England.
By the beginning of the nineteenth century, men like
Thomas Arnold, headmaster of the famous Rugby School and
founder of the modern public school system, saw team sport like
cricket and rugby not just as outdoor play, but as an organised way
of teaching English boys the discipline, the importance of hierarchy,
the skills, the codes of honour and the leadership qualities that helped
them build and run the British empire.
Sport for girls.
Due to Dorothea Beale, principal of Cheltenham Ladies
College from 1858 to
1906, reported to the schools Enquiry Commission in 1864, ‘The vigorous
exercise which boys get from cricket, etc., must be supplied in the case of
girls by walking and … skipping.’
By the 1890s, school began acquiring playgrounds and
allowing girls to play some of the games earlier considered male preserves. But
the competition was still discouraged.
The Spread of Cricket.
It took root only in countries that the British conquered
and ruled. In these colonies, cricket was established as a popular sport either
by white settlers (as in South Africa ,
Zimbabwe , Australia , New
Zealand , the West Indies and Kenya )
or by local elites who wanted to copy the habits of their colonial masters, as
in India .
Indian and Afro-Caribbean
population was discouraged from participating in organised club cricket, which
remained dominated by white plantation owners and their servants.
In the West Indies , the
game became hugely popular. Success at cricket became a measure of racial
equality and political progress.
Political leaders of Caribbean
countries like Forbes Burnham and Eric Williams saw in the game a chance for
self respect and international standing.
West Indies won its first Test series against England in
1950, it was celebrated as a national achievement.
The first black player led the West Indies Test team was in
1960 when Frank Worrell was named captain.
From 1932 a national team was given the right to represent India in a Test
match.
Mulattos – People of mixed European and African descent.
Dominion – Self-governing areas under the control of the
British crown.
Cricket, Race and Religion.
Cricket in colonial India was organised on the
principle of race and religion.
The first Indian club, the Calcutta Cricket Club, was
established in 1792 and played by British military men and civil servants in
all-white clubs and gymkhanas.
The origins of Indian cricket was found in Bombay by the small community of
Zoroastrians, the Parsis.
The first Indian cricket club, the Oriental Cricket Club in Bombay in 1848 and sponsored
by Parsi businessmen like the Tatas and the Wadias.
The Bombay Gymkhana was a whites club.
A Parsi team beat the Bombay Gymkhana at cricket in 1889.
Applications for establishment of gymkhanas based on religion were more likely to be approved.
The tournament was initially called the Quadrangular, because it was played by four teams: the Europeans, the Parsis, the Hindus and the Muslims.
It later became the Pentangular when a fifth team was added, namely, the Rest, which comprised all the communities left over, such as the Indian Christians. For example, Vijay Hazare, a Christian, played for the Rest.
Mahatma Gandhi, condemned the Pentangular tournaments.
A Parsi team beat the Bombay Gymkhana at cricket in 1889.
Applications for establishment of gymkhanas based on religion were more likely to be approved.
The tournament was initially called the Quadrangular, because it was played by four teams: the Europeans, the Parsis, the Hindus and the Muslims.
It later became the Pentangular when a fifth team was added, namely, the Rest, which comprised all the communities left over, such as the Indian Christians. For example, Vijay Hazare, a Christian, played for the Rest.
Mahatma Gandhi, condemned the Pentangular tournaments.
The distinguished editor of the
newspaper the Bombay Chronicle, S.A. Brelvi, the famous radio
commentator A.F.S. Talyarkhan and India’s most respected political
figure, and Mahatama Gandhi said these tournaments communally divisive competition that was out of place in a time
when nationalists were trying to unite India’s diverse population.
The Modern Transformation of the ransformation of the ransformation of the Game.
India entered the world of Test cricket in 1932.
India entered the world of Test cricket in 1932.
Monday, 23 January 2017
natural vegetation
What is Natural vegetation Or Virgin vegetation?
Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which has
grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a
long time. This is termed as a virgin vegetation.
Huge diversity in flora and fauna kingdom is due to the
following factors.
Relief which include
Land and Soil.
Climate which include Temperature, photoperiod and
precipitation.
(a) land-
The nature of land influences the type of vegetation.
The fertile level is
generally devoted to agriculture.
The undulating and rough
terrains are areas where grassland and woodlands develop and give shelter to a variety of wild
life.
(b) Soil- The sandy soils of the desert support cactus
and thorny bushes while
Wet, marshy, deltaic soils support
mangroves and deltaic vegetation.
The hill slopes with some depth of
soil have conical trees.
© Temperature- fall in the temperature affects the types of
vegetation and its growth, and changes it from tropical to subtropical
temperate and alpine vegetation.
(c) Photoperiod-
The variation in duration of sunlight at different places is due to differences
in latitude, altitude, season and duration of the day also affected typs of vegetation.
(d) Precipitation-
Areas of heavy rainfall have more dense vegetation as compared to other areas
of less rainfall.
Q why forests are important for
human beings?
Ans Forests are renewable
resources and play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment.
They modify local climate, control
soil erosion, regulate stream flow, support a variety of industries, provide
livelihood for many communities and offer panoramic or scenic view for
recreation.
It controls wind force and
temperature and causes rainfall. It provides humus to the soil and shelter to
the wild life.
Ecosystem
All the plants and animals in an
area are interdependent and interrelated to each other in their physical
environment, thus, forming an ecosystem. Human beings are also an integral part
of the ecosystem.
Q How do the human beings
influence the ecology of a region?
Ans They utilize the vegetation
and wild life.
The greed of human beings leads to
over utilization of these resources.
They cut the trees and kill the
animals creating ecological imbalance.
As a result some of the plants and
animals have reached the verge of extinction.
Define Biome.
A very large ecosystem on land
having distinct types of vegetation and animal life is called a biome.
TYPES OF VEGETATION The following
major types of vegetation may be identified in our country
(i)
Tropical Evergreen Forests
(ii)
(ii) Tropical Deciduous Forests
(iii)
(iii) Tropical Thorn Forests
and Scrubs
(iv)
(iv) Montane Forests
(v)
(v) Mangrove Forests.
Tropical Evergreen Forests.
Heavy rainfall (200cm) areas of the Western Ghats and the island
groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Nadu coast.
trees reach great heights up to 60
metres or even above.
There is no definite time for
trees to shed their leaves. these forests appear green all the year.
Common trees are ebony, mahogany, rosewood,
rubber and cinchona.
The common animals are elephants,
monkey, lemur and deer. The one horned rhinoceros are found in the jungles of Assam and West Bengal .
Tropical Deciduous Forests.
They are also called the monsoon
forests and spread over the region receiving rainfall between 200 cm and 70 cm.
Forest-type
shed their leaves for about six to eight weeks in dry summer.
These forests exist, northeastern
states, along the foothills of the Himalayas, Jharkhand, West Orissa and
Chhattisgarh, and on the eastern slopes of the Western
Ghats .
Teak is the most dominant species
of this forest. Bamboos, sal, shisham, sandalwood, khair, kusum, arjun,
mulberry are other commercially important species.
Sunday, 22 January 2017
practice questions
Practice questions class 9th
Social Science
Note : Question numbers 1-8 are Multiple Choice Questions.
Each question carries one each.
Question numbers 9-20 are three marks questions. Answers of
these questions should not exceed 80 words.
Question numbers 21-26 are five marks questions. Answers of
these questions should not exceed 100 words.
1.
What were reserved forests?
2.
Mention any two regions having tropical
evergreen forests.
3.
Explain No Confidence Motion.
4.
How does Judiciary act as guardian of the
Fundamental Rights?
5.
Why is parliamentary democracy in most countries
often known as the cabinet form of government?
6.
How is
the poverty line estimated periodically? Name an organisation which is
responsible for estimating poverty.
7.
How does
the situation of starvation arise?
8.
Define
Green Revolution.
9.
Mention any four factors which prompted the
Samins to revolt against the Dutch?
10.
Mention any three peculiarities of Test Cricket.
11.
'Cricket in India was organized on the principle
of race and religion.' Justify.
12.
'India is one of the twelve mega diversity
country of the world'. Explain.
13.
13. How do human beings influence the ecology of
a region? Mention any three points.
14.
14. What are the three main processes of change
of population?
15.
15. Mention any three provisions which makes
Election Commission an independent body.
16.
16. In what ways does the Lok Sabha exercise
more powers than the Rajya Sabha?
17.
17.
Mention the provisions of Fundamental Right against exploitation.
18.
18. 'There is a strong link between economic
growth and poverty reduction." Explain.
19.
19. How were the social, cultural and economic
factors responsible for the increase in poverty in India?
20.
20. How does PDS ensures food security in India?
21.
21. What
is shifting cultivation? Why did the Europeans decide to ban it?
22.
Critically examine the significance of the
victory of West-Indies in the first Test Series against England in 1950.
23.
What are reserved constituencies? Explain the
concept of reservation of seats.
24.
24. Write a short note on the National Human
Rights Commission.
25.
25. Write a note on the role of cooperatives in
providing food and retained items.
26.
26. Explain some measures which have been taken
by the government to remove poverty.
Practice
paper 2 class 9th
Social Science
Note : Question numbers 1-8 are Multiple
Choice Questions. Each question carries one each.
Question numbers 9-20 are three marks
questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 80 words.
Question numbers 21-26 are five marks
questions. Answers of these questions should not exceed 100 words.
1.
Who set up the Indian Forest Service in India?
2.
Why are
the leaves of the Thorn forests small and stems succulent( full of juice)?
3.
State any
two powers of the Supreme Court of India.
4.
What do
you know about Mandal
5.
Can the
houses be dissolved or is it permanent?
6.
What is
the concept of social recliž,sžon?
7.
How
people affected by natural disasters are food insecure?
8.
What is
issue price?
9.
What do
you know about Scientific Forestry?
10.
Explain the role played by MCC play in the
development of Cricket?
11.
Polo is a bold and grace full sport for military
men". Mention any three features of the game Polo.
12.
Why does India have a rich heritage of flora and
fauna?
13.
How
temperature of an area affects the natural vegetation?
14.
What does the National Population Policy
indicate?
15.
What is a
Model Code of Conduct for election campaigns?
16.
How the
rise of coalition politics has imposed certain constraints on the power of the
Prime Minister? Explain.
17.
How can
citizens exercise their freedom to hold rallies and demonstrations?
18.
How were the income disparities responsible for
the increase in poverty in India?
19.
What are
the major reasons for the less effectiveness of poverty alleviation programmes?
20.
How are
food insecure people disproportionately large in some regions of the country?
21.
How did
the British exploit the forests resources of India for their economic
development?
22.
What changes were brought by (MCC) Marylebone
Cricket Club in cricket laws in the later half of the 18th century?
23.
Explain the role of the Election Commission in
free and fair elections.
24.
Why do we
need Rights in a democracy?
25.
What are
the criticisms faced by PDS in India?
26.
Why does
the poverty line vary with time and place?
Thursday, 19 January 2017
population notes
POPULATION*
- Census.
A census is an official counting
of population done periodically.
In India the first census was held in
the year 1872. The first complete census, however was taken in the year 1881.
Since then censuses have been held regularly every tenth year.
- POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION.
People are unevenly distributed
over our country’s vast area of 3.28 million square km, which accounts for 2.4
per cent of the world’s area.
Uttar Pradesh with a population
size of 166 million (16%) people is the most populous state of India .
Population
density of India
in the year 2001 was 324 persons per sq km.
904 persons per sq km in West Bengal to only 13 persons per sq km in Arunachal
Pradesh.
Population densities below 250
persons per square km. Rugged terrain and unfavorable climatic conditions are
primarily responsible for sparse population in these areas.
Hilly, dissected and rocky nature
of the terrain, moderate to low rainfall, shallow and less fertile soils have
influenced population densities in these areas.
The Northern Plains and Kerala in
the south have high to very high population densities because of the flat
plains with fertile soils and abundant rainfall.
POPULATION
GROWTH AND PROCESSES OF POPULATION CHANGE
Population
Growth
Growth of population refers to the
change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific
period of time.
Annual
growth rate- an increase of persons for every 100 persons in the base
population is referred to as the annual growth rate.
Processes
of Population Change/Growth
There are three main processes of
change of population : birth rates, death rates and migration.
Birth rate
is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.
Death rate
is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.
Migration
is the movement of people across regions and territories.
Migration can be internal (within
the country) or international (between the countries).
In India , the rural-urban migration
has resulted increase urban population from 17.29 per cent of the total
population in 1951 to 27.78 per cent in 2001. There has been a significant
increase in the number of ‘million plus cities’ from 23 to 35 in just one
decade i.e. 1991 to 2001.
Age
Composition.
The age composition of a
population refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country.
The population of a nation is
generally grouped into three broad categories:
Children
(generally below 15 years)- (34.4%) economically unproductive and need
to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.
Working
Age (15-59 years) (58.7%) They are economically productive and
biologically reproductive.
Aged
(Above 59 years) (6.9%) They can be economically productive though they
may have retired.
Sex ratio
is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.
Sex raito in 2001 was 933. Kerala has a sex ratio of 1058 females
per 1000 males, Pondicherry has 1001 females for
every 1000 males, while Delhi
has only 821 females per 1000 males and Haryana has just 861.
Literacy
Rates According to the Census of 2001, a person aged 7 years and above
who can read and write with understanding in any language, is treated as
literate.
The literacy rate in the country
as per the Census of 2001 is 64.84 per cent; 75.26 per cent for males and 53.67
per cent for females.
The current literacy rate of India is 74.04%.
Kerala is
the most literate state in India ,
with 93.91% literacy, followed by Lakshadweep at 92.28%. Bihar is the least literate state
in India ,
with a literacy of 63.82%.
Occupational
Structure.
Occupations are generally
classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Primary-(64%)
activities include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, fishing, mining and
quarrying etc.
Secondary
(13%) activities include manufacturing industry, building and
construction work etc.
Tertiary
(20%) activities include transport, communications, commerce, administration
and other services.
Health
Death rates have declined from 25
per 1000 population in 1951 to 8.1 per 1000 in 2001 and life expectancy at
birth has increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 64.6 years in 2001.
Problems-
The per capita calorie consumption is much below the recommended levels and
malnutrition afflicts a large percentage of our population.
Safe drinking water and basic sanitation
amenities are available to only one third of the rural population.
Adolescent
Population
Adolescents are generally grouped
in the age-group of 10 to 19 years.
Nutrition requirements of
adolescents are higher than those of a normal child or adult. Poor nutrition
can lead to deficiency and stunted growth.
A large number of adolescent girls
suffer from anaemia.
National
Population Policy
The NPP 2000 provides a policy framework for
imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age, reducing
infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births, achieving universal
immunization of children against all vaccine preventable diseases, promoting
delayed marriage for girls, and making family welfare a people-centered
programme.
NPP 2000
and Adolescents
Besides nutritional requirements,
the policy put greater emphasis on other important needs of adolescents
including protection from unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted
diseases (STD).
It called for programmes that aim towards encouraging
delayed marriage and child-bearing, education of adolescents about the risks of
unprotected sex, making contraceptive services accessible
and affordable, providing food supplements, nutritional services, strengthening
legal measures to prevent child marriage.
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